For Religion and Law:
Burbank, Jane, and Cooper, Frederick, Empires In World History.
        Princeton University Press, 2010.
Armstrong, Karen, Islam.
        Random House, Inc., 2000, 2002.

For Trade and Commerce:
İnalcık, Halil. The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300-1600.
        London: Phoenix, 2000. Print.
Shaw, Stanford J., and Ezel Kural Shaw. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey.
        Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1976. Print.
"TheOttomans.org - Discover The Ottomans." TheOttomans.org - Discover The Ottomans. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2013. <http://www.theottomans.org/english/history/history1500.asp>.

For Sultans and State:
Merriman, Roger B. Suleiman The Magnificent 1520-1566.
        Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1944.
Lybyer, Albert H. The Government of the Ottoman Empire.
        Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1913.
Parry, V.J., H. Inalcik, A.N. Kurat, J.S. Bromley. A History of the Ottoman Empire to 1730.
        Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

For Military and Expansion:
Askan, Virginia, and Goffman, Daniel. The Early Ottomans: Remapping the Empire.
        Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print.
Casale, Giancarlo, The Ottoman Age of Exploration.
        Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Print. 
Goodwin, Jason. Lords of the Horizon: A History of the Ottoman Empire.
        New York: Henry Holt and Company Inc., 1999. Print.